I don’t think it is part of the knob the only thing I can think of is it has come from the inside of pressure relief device however if it has then you would have water running out of the bottom of the shower.
http://www.showerdoc.com/shower-spares/neptune/GALA-SG06006-Galaxy-Pressure-Relief-Device-SG06006
There a few showers called Cascade if you don’t know who the manufacturer is can you send us a photo ?
Normally just replacing the knobs solves the problem unless you know that something else has broken inside the shower
Yes these knobs are the same.
http://www.showerdoc.com/shower-spares/mx-group/GALA-SG06126-Knob-Pack-MX-Duo-(Both-Knobs)